home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Update B, 10/16/85 NEC V20/V30 Overview
- NECV20B.ALL
-
-
- (Please upload this file to other systems. It is a summary of what most
- people are trying to find out about the NEC V20/V30 chips)
-
-
- This file is a collection of information on the CMOS NEC V20 and V30
- microprocessors. The V20 reblaces the 8088 from Intel, the V30
- replaces the 8086.
-
- Topics covered are:
-
- General features of interest to PC owners.
-
- Some technical features of the chip.
-
- Extracts of other writeups on the chip.
-
- Summary of incompatibilties.
-
-
- General Chip Discussion
-
-
-
- The PC Speedup kit will increase the throughput of your PC by
- 10% to 40%, depending on the application. You can install the
- kit yourself.
-
- The heart of the PC Speedup Kit is the new NEC V20 or V30 micro-
- processor. The V20 directly replaces the 8088 microprocessor, while
- the V30 directly replaces the 8086 that powers some PCs.
- The NEC chips perfectly emulate all of the functions of the older 8088
- microprocessors, but they do things faster. How can that be possible?
- The NEC chips were designed recently, taking advantage of later
- technology. More complex computing structures could be squeezed into
- the same package, allowing certain microprocessor tasks to take place
- more efficiently. This allows the V20/V30 to outperform the 8088/8086,
- all the while making your computer think it is still running an 8088 or
- 8086 chip.
-
- After much testing it has been determined that all software will
- run with this chip, meaning no compatibility is lost. It has
- also been determined that all software runs faster. The speedup
- varies with each application, but no speedup was less than 7%,
- and some were as high as 100%.
-
- As an added bonus, the NEC chips are a member of a class of chips that
- use much less power and produce much less heat in operation. The
- heat load and power useage in your PC will be slightly reduced
- through the use of the NEC chip.
-
- Speedup examples:
-
- + A 640k PC will "warmup" in 50 seconds vs 75 seconds with
- an unenhanced PC.
-
- + Norton's Speed Index utility indicates a speed factor of 1.7
- compared to 1.0 for the standard PC.
-
- + Most memory intensive programs show a 15% to 20%
- improvement in execution times.
-
- + PTIMER.COM, a "clock speed checker" runs in 3.35 with
- the V20, in 10 seconds with the 8088.
-
-
-
- Special note: The NEC V-Series processors very closely duplicate
- Intel products. Intel is currently in court with NEC over this close
- emulation of their products. As a top NEC distributor said "You
- never know when the supply will dry up. The courts may decide you
- cannot get this chip in the future."
-
- (End of General Chip Information)
- -------------------------------
-
- Technical PC Speedup Kit Information
-
-
- In general terms, NEC achieves a performance improvement by
- reducing the number of CPU cycles needed to execute certain
- instructions. Thus, the same clock speed will yield more
- processing power, since the V20/V30 uses fewer clock cycles to do
- certain portions of its work.
-
- 8087 - The V20/V30 is 100% compatible with the Intel 8087 math
- coprocessor.
-
-
- + Dedicated effective address calculation hardware
- requires 2 clock cycles vs 5-12 for the older processors
-
- + Pin compatible with 8088/8086
-
- + Superset of 8086/8088 instruction set
-
- + Low power CMOS, requires only 15% the power used by
- the NMOS chip it replaces
-
- + Dual internal bus vs single internal bus
-
- + Pre-fetch pointer vs none in 8088/8086, speeds up calls,
- returns and jumps
-
- + Dedicated math section with new 16 bit temporary
- registers, speeds up math 60% to 100%
-
- + Enhanced instruction set with 101 instructions,
- giving 15-20 new instructions
-
- + Emulates the 8080 if required
-
- + Very low power standby mode, <50mw, as used in portable
- laptop computers
-
-
- (End of Technical Summary)
- ------------------------------
-
- The following extracts were taken from electronic BBS systems.
- -------------------------------------------
-
-
- Times to recalculate AFTER first CALC after loading file
- but with new values in input cells
-
- PC 17 SEC WITH 123 VER 1A & SYMPHONY VER 1.0; INTEL 8088
- PC 13.5 SEC WITH 123 VER 1A & SYMPHONY VER 1.0; NEC V20 8088
- XT 21 SEC WITH SYMPHONY VER 1.1 ;INTEL 8088; NO 8087
- PC 3 SEC WITH SYMPHONY VER 1.1; INTEL 8088; WITH 8087
- PC 2.25 SEC WITH SYMPHONY VER 1.1; NEC V20 8088; WITH 8087
-
- Above done on a worksheet with three columns of 182 @PMT formulas
- each, referencing a loan ammount in the first cell of each column.
- @PMT uses an exponet in it's formula, shows worth of 8087
-
- -------------------------------------------
- The following note appeared recently on USENet (net.micro). It seems
- to be the best summary so far of the NEC V20/30 - iAPX86/88 controversy.
- I'm posting it in it's entirety:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- From: tweten@AMES-NAS.ARPA (Dave Tweten)
- Subject: Re: NEC V20 ---> 8088
- Date-Received: 16 Sep 85 08:45:42 GMT
-
- I recently bought an NEC V20 and installed it in my Z-151, which I am
- using to write this message. When I pried the 8088 out from next to my
- 8087, I noticed that it too had been a NEC part. Contrary to earlier
- comments in this forum about NEC 8088s not working with 8087s, it had
- worked flawlessly with my 8087 for the previous year.
-
- Preliminary experience is that the V20 speeds up some programs
- noticably, and has no effect on others. That is to be expected. If a
- program is 8087 limited or I/O limited, speeding up the 8088 will do no
- good. It has worked at least as well as the 8088 for any program I
- have tried.
-
- The only "negative" effect of the V20 is it causes Zenith's disk-based
- diagnostics for CPU-board crystal frequency, and for floppy-disk driver
- crystal frequency to fail. I presume the tests compare crystal cycles
- against a wait-loop counter. Since the NEC V20 "waits faster" the
- tests fail. Sorry, no time yet to do benchmarks.
-
- (note on this: The above problem is encountered only when running
- the Zenith diagnostics programs. That portion of the diagnostics
- is not typical of other software. The function served by that
- portion of the Zenith diagnostic system is better served by
- external test equipment containing its own "unbiased" timer.
- ......Bob Mahoney)
-
- From: Charles R. LaBrec <crl@Newton.Purdue.EDU>
-
- I haven't really heard many specifics of the NEC V20. Is it
- really a case of design stealing or just a case of duplicating
- the 8088 instruction set? Would someone care to enlighten me?
-
- I don't presume to be an engineering law expert, but by no strech of my
- imagination can I conceive to the V20 being an 8088 carbon copy, either
- legal or illegal. The following information was gleened from Intel's
- "iAPX 88 BOOK" and from the NEC document titled "V20, uPD70108,
- HIGH-PERFORMANCE 16-BIT MICROPROCESSOR, PRELIMINARY INFORMATION", dated
- May 1985.
-
- . The time for a register-to-register ADD is quoted as three clocks
- for the 8088, two clocks for the V20. NEC's literature claims
- that is due to dual 16-bit on-chip busses for the V20, as opposed
- to a single bus in the 8088. That supposedly permits two-cycle
- register-register instructions (get both operands, return result),
- where the 8088 uses three (get one operand, get the other, return
- the result). A quick scan through the respective instruction
- timing charts indicates that the relationship holds for all
- trivial two-register instructions (this obviously doesn't apply to
- multiply and divide).
-
- Intel's register-register 16-bit operand, 32-bit result multiply
- is quoted at 118-113 clocks. NEC's is quoted as 41-47. The
- equivalent divide times are 165-184 cycles for Intel and 38-43 for
- NEC. Yes, I too noticed that NEC claims to divide faster than they
- multiply, and I can't explain it either.
-
- . NEC claims to use a separate address resolution unit on the chip,
- instead of using the arithmetic unit. Their effective address
- calculation time is two cycles for any mode. Intel's ranges from
- 5 to 12, depending on mode.
-
- . The NEC chip has an expanded instruction set. By my estimation,
- it includes all the 80186 set plus several more. It has bit-field
- insert and extract (perhaps useful in low level graphics?). It
- can test and manipulate individual bits in memory. It has packed
- decimal string add, subtract and compare. It has a BCD digit
- rotate instruction. Those are the highlights (as I see them);
- there are several more instructions I haven't mentioned. There is
- also a complete 8080 emulation mode which interests me not at
- all.
-
- In summary, it appears to me that if the V20 is a "pirate" 8088, then
- the Z-80 was a "pirate" 8080. Is our chauvinism showing?
-
- ------------------------------------
-
- ANOTHER EXTRACT
-
- 18:33:11 9/17/1985
- NEC V20 CPU chip
- Triple 8088 speed.
-
- The NEC V20 CPU chip is an 8088 CPU chip replacement. Speed improvements
- of 10-40% have been claimed for the chip.
-
- It may be that these percentage increases in speed understate the actual
- improvement attributable to the chip alone, since they may include
- disk operations or other operations that are not CPU-intensive.
-
- The program CPU.COM tests the speed of a CPU with minimal RAM access
- and no disk I/O. The speed of the CPU is almost TRIPLE the speed
- of the native Intel 8088:
-
-
- -------------------
- C>cpu
- CLOCK SPEED CHECKER (minimal RAM access), please wait...
- Execution time should be 10.00 secs if 4.77 Mhz clock & no WAITs on RAM access
- Actual execution time here was 03.35 seconds
- Effective clock speed = >.23 Mhz
-
- C>
- -------------------
-
- The above effective clock speed of ">.23 Mhz" is 14.23 Mhz. Evidentally
- the program CPU.COM did not anticipate double-digit clock rates.
-
- The above test was performed on an IBM Portable PC.
-
-
- Zider Brothers, San Francisco.
-
-
- 17:17:40 9/23/1985
- NEC V20 CPU chip
- PPC 70% speed improvement.
-
- Further to the earlier note on the NEC V20 chip. Tested with the
- system speed test SI in the Norton Utilities Version 3.0 on an IBM
- Portable PC. Factor of 1.7 times the PC:
-
- ------------------------
- C>si
-
- SI-System Information, Version 3.00, (C) Copyright 1984, Peter Norton
-
- IBM/PC
- Built-in BIOS programs dated Monday, November 8, 1982
- Operating under DOS 2.00
- 4 logical disk drives, A: through D:
- The operating system reports 512K of memory
- A test of random access memory (RAM) finds:
- 512K from hex paragraph 0000 to 8000
- 32K from hex paragraph B800 to C000
- (some may be phantom memory)
- BIOS signature found at hex paragraph C800
- Programs are loaded at hex paragraph 1AF2
- following 110,368 bytes of system memory
-
- Computing performance index relative to IBM/PC: 1.7
-
- C>
- -----------------------------------
-
- Zider Brothers, San Francisco.
-
- 17:21:44 9/23/1985
- NEC V20 CPU chip - Pfaster286
- Incompatible with Pfaster286 board.
-
-
- According to a telcon with Phoenix Software Associates, the NEC V20 chip
- is incompatible with their Pfaster286 coprocessor board.
-
- The Pfaster286 software uses the PUSHA (Push All) instruction to determine
- if the chip in use is the 80286 or the 8088. The 8088 gives an error if
- this instruction is attempted. But the NEC V20 has implemented this
- instruction (80186 instruction set) and gives no error. A revision
- to the software (or hardware?) will be coming Real Soon Now.
-
- Zider Brothers, San Francisco.
-
- ==========================================================
-
- (End of Special Extracts)
- -------------------------------
-
- Incompatibilities:
-
- After marketing and selling the NEC V-Series processors throughout
- the US, the following incompatibilities have been encountered.
- This section will be updated as more information arrives:
-
-
- - Phoenix Software Associates Pfaster286 coprocessor board has a
- software problem, they will fix it soon.
-
- - Panasonic Personal Computers Senior Partner. Problem with the
- 8253 interupt timer. Panasonic is working on a fix so their
- computers can work with the V-Series.
-
- - Potential problem with Clipper DB III compiler. This is a really
- obscure one, you may never run into it even if you use Clipper.
-
- Note: The above problems will never be encountered by 99.9% of
- the PC users who install the NEC chip. These are the ONLY problems
- encountered to date.
-
-
- (End of Incompatibility Section)
- --------------------------------
-